Online tendering: tender schedules often overrun due to a lack of formal process, resulting in key stakeholders missing deadlines or review periods.

No early warning indicators: lack of visibility of the project's likely commercial outcome, because there is no method to assess the impact of multiple contract changes.

Contract auditability: critical information may be scattered among various systems, in different formats, making reviewing projects post-completion is difficult. Staff turnover makes it challenging to get a single source of ‘truth’ when issues arise.

Expectation and interpretation: lack of clarity between the parties can create conflicting expectation and interpretation of the contractual obligations leading to change and potential claims.

Change control: lack of formal process for managing change means that stakeholders may have to deal with invoices with no prior knowledge of the who, when and why context.

Claims mitigation and defence: a stakeholder may face a claim by breaching contract terms. They could overlook an important date-based or event-driven contractual obligation. Then, if record-keeping has been lacking, they have little defence against the claim.

Obligations: missed contract obligations (from either party) can cause risk exposure or even financial penalties.

Payment verification: verification can be a challenge with multiple subcontractors AFPs (applications for payment), risking erroneous payments and penalties for late approvals.